Web Services

A Web service is a method of communications between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web. It is a software function provided at a network address over the web with the service always on as in the concept of utility computing.

Web Service Elements:

WSDL

• WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language
• WSDL is written in XML
• WSDL is an XML document
• WSDL is used to describe Web services
• WSDL is also used to locate Web services
• WSDL is a W3C recommendation

SOAP

• SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol
• SOAP is a communication protocol
• SOAP is for communication between applications
• SOAP is a format for sending messages
• SOAP communicates via Internet
• SOAP is platform independent
• SOAP is language independent
• SOAP is based on XML
• SOAP is simple and extensible
• SOAP allows you to get around firewalls
• SOAP is a W3C recommendation

UDDI

• UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery and Integration
• UDDI is a directory service where companies can search for Web services.
• UDDI is described in WSDL
• UDDI communicates via SOAP

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What is RDF?

• RDF stands for Resource Description Framework
• RDF is a framework for describing resources on the web
• RDF is designed to be read and understood by computers
• RDF is not designed for being displayed to people
• RDF is written in XML
• RDF is a part of the W3C's Semantic Web Activity
• RDF is a W3C Recommendation

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RDF - Examples of Use

• Describing properties for shopping items, such as price and availability
• Describing time schedules for web events
• Describing information about web pages (content, author, created and modified date)
• Describing content and rating for web pictures
• Describing content for search engines
• Describing electronic libraries

XML web services:XML web services use eXtensible Markup Language (XML) messages that follow the SOAP standard and have been popular with traditional enterprises. In such systems, there is often a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service written in Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The latter is not a requirement of a SOAP endpoint, but is a prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in many Java and .NET SOAP frameworks (frameworks such as Apache Axis2, Apache CXF,Spring, and gSOAP being notable exceptions). Some industry organizations, such as the WS-I, mandate both SOAP and WSDL in their definition of a web service.

VB.Net and Framework

Introduction of VB.net:

Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is an object-oriented computer programming language implemented on the .NET Framework. Although it is an evolution of classic Visual Basic language, it is not
backwards-compatible with VB6, and any code written in the old version does not compile under VB.NET.

VB.NET is implemented by Microsoft's .NET framework. Therefore, it has full access to all the libraries in the .Net Framework

The following reasons make VB.Net a widely used professional language:

• Modern, general purpose.
• Object oriented.
• Component oriented.
• Easy to learn.
• Structured language.
• It produces efficient programs.
• It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms.
• Part of .Net Framework.

Data types:
Data types refer to an extensive system used for declaring variables or functions of different types. The type of a variable determines how much space it occupies in storage and how the bit pattern stored is interpreted.

Data Types Available in VB.Net

VB.Net provides a wide range of data types. The following table shows all the data types available:

Data Type	Storage Allocation	Value Range
Boolean	Depends on implementing platform	True or False
Byte	1 byte	0 through 255 (unsigned)
Char	2 bytes	0 through 65535 (unsigned)
Date	8 bytes	0:00:00 (midnight) on January 1, 0001 through 11:59:59 PM on December 31, 9999
Decimal	16 bytes	0 through +/-79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335 (+/-7.9...E+28) with no decimal point; 0 through +/-7.9228162514264337593543950335 with 28 places to the right of the decimal
Double	8 bytes	-1.79769313486231570E+308 through -4.94065645841246544E-324, for negative values 4.94065645841246544E-324through 1.79769313486231570E+308, for positive values
Integer	4 bytes	-2,147,483,648 through 2,147,483,647 (signed)
Long	8 bytes	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 through 9,223,372,036,854,775,807(signed)
String	Depends on implementing platform	0 to approximately 2 billion Unicode characters

Memory Size Structure:

• Bit = 1 bit 
• byte = 8 bits 
• Kilobyte = 1024 bytes 
• Megabyte = 1024 kilobytes 
• Gigabyte = 1024 megabytes 
• Terabyte = 1024 gigabytes 

Dotnet Framework:
Dotnet Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large library and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages

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Web Abbreviations and Extensions

Abbreviations:

• HTML = Hypertext Markup Language
• DHTML = Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language
• ASP = Active Server Pages
• PHP = Hypertext Preprocessor
• AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
• XML = eXtensible Markup Language.
• RSS = Rich Site Summary.
• FTP = File Transfer Protocol
• URL = Uniform Resource Locator.
• VB.net = Visual Basic (Microsoft Developement).
• ASP.net = Active Server Pages (Microsoft Developement).
• CSS = Cascade Style Sheets.
• API = Application Programming Interface.

Extensions:

• .html / .htm = Hypertext Markup Document File.
• .css = Cascade Style Sheet File.
• .asp = Active Server Pages Document File.
• .aspx = Active Server Pages (Microsoft Development) Document File.
• .php = Hypertext Preprocessor Document File.
• .cgi = Common Gateway Interface Document File.
• .pl = Perl Script Document File.
• .psd = Adobe Photoshop Document File
• .jpeg / jpg = Image File
• .bmp = Bitmap Image File
• .png / Tiff = Transparent Image File
• .txt = Text File Document
• .js = Javascript Document File

CSS & CSS3

The latest version of CSS is the CSS3 version which basically differs from CSS2 in the incorporation of Modules and other changes. Modules enable the designing to be done in a lesser time with more ease while updating individual features and specifications. The CSS3 version supports many more browsers than CSS2, but be sure to test it on all operating systems and browsers.
Other major changes/additions include:

* New Combinator
* New CSS Selectors
* New Pseudo-elements
* New Style properties

Now let us discuss these in detail.

Combinator
New addition of General Sibling Combinator is done to match sibling elements of a given element through tilde (~) Combinator.

CSS Selectors
While CSS2 had ‘simple selectors’, the new version calls them the components as ‘a sequence of simple selectors’.

Pseudo-Elements
Many Pseudo Elements have been added that allow in-depth yet easy styling and a new convention of double colons ‘::’ has been introduced.

Style Properties

New Background Style Properties
Multiple Background images can be layered in the box using different elements like background image, position and repeat.

Border Style
Styling of borders has been extended to images and rounded designs which includes creating image of the borders and then automatically apply image to the borders through CSS.

Additions in Properties

* Border-radius, image-source, image-slice, and the values for width outset and stretch have been added in CSS3.
* Properties for managing boxes like shadowing, wrapping and breaking have been added.
* CSS3 has done away with complex structures for div tag and makes it easy for hassle free designing of multiple table-less columns. This can be simply done by putting in the number of columns in the browser that need to be added in the body element along with their width, color and height to make the text flow through the columns with ease.

New Background Style Properties

* With the addition of the new ‘local’ value, if the element has a scroll bar then the background scrolls with its content.
* Background-clip, origin, size and style properties have been added.
* Background shorthand property has been added in the size and origin properties.
* The changes to previous Background Style Properties include:

Repeat property now has two values name space and round that space the tiled image in the box uniformly and rescales background images to tile it multiple time in the box.

HTML vs HTML5

HTML5 is not a new programming language. It is revised version of simple HTML language by W3C (The World Wide Web Consortium) with some new features such as:

• New Elements 
• New Attributes 
• Full CSS3 Support 
• Video and Audio 
• 2D/3D Graphics 
• Local Storage 
• Local SQL Database 
• Web Applications

Due to these new elements, it will be very easy to integrate multimedia and graphical content to web without using flash and third party plugins. Other major advantages of HTML5 are described below.

1. Mutuality

Due to usability purpose the web sites made by developers are highly interactive nowadays and for this developers need to include fluid animations, stream video, play music and Social Network sites like Facebook and Twitter into the websites. Till now they have only the option to integrate it with the help of Flash or Silverlight, Flex or javascript like tools. But these consume so much time to develop and even the complexity of web application also increased. But now with the help of HTML5 it is possible to embed video and audio, high quality drawings, charts and animation and many other rich content without using any plugins and third party programmas as the functionality is built into the browser.

2. Cleaner markup / Improved Code

HTML 5 will enable web designers to use cleaner, neater code, we can remove most div tags and replace them with semantic HTML 5 elements.

3. Improved Semantics

Now it is easy to see which parts of the page are headers, nav, footers, aside, etc as the tags are specific for these all and most importantly know what their meaning and purpose is in whole the format. By using HTML5 elements we can increase the semantic value of the web page as the codes are very standardized.

4. Elegant forms

HTML5 enables designer to use more fancier forms. Even it makes form validation native to HTML, User interface enhancements and reduced need for JavaScript (only needed in browsers that don’t support form types). There will be different type of text inputs, search and different fields for different purpose.

5. Consistency

As websites adopt the new HTML5 elements we will see more greater consistency in terms of the HTML used to code a web page on one site compared to another. This will make it more easier for designers and developers to immediately understand how a web page is structured.

6. Improved Accessibility

Different technologies can elaborate on the features with the help of HTML5, as they can Immediately make more detailed understanding of the structure of a page by take a look at HTML5 elements it has.

7. Fulfill  the need of Web application

Many new features and standards have emerged as part of HTML 5. Once you detect the available features in today’s browsers, you can take advantage of those features in your application. Main focus of HTML5 is to make easier application with easy front-ends, drag and drop tools, discussion boards, wikis and other useful elements.

8. Offline Application cache

All browsers have some kind of caching m After a sometime, you open up your laptop and click the Back button in the browser hoping to see the previous page that was opened. However, as you are not connected to the internet and the browser didn’t cache the page properly, you are unable to view that page. You then click the Forward button thinking that at least that page will load, but it doesn’t. You need to reconnect to the internet to be able to view the pages. HTML 5, thankfully, provides a smarter solution. While building the site, the developer can specify the files that the browser should cache. So, even if you refresh the page when you are offline, the page will still load correctly. This sort of caching has several advantages like offline browsing, files load much faster and reduced load on server

9. Client-side database

While cookies have been used to track unique user data for years, they have serious disadvantages. The largest flaw is that all of your cookie data is added to every HTTP request header. This can end up having a measurable impact on response time. So a best practice is to reduce cookie size. With HTML5 we can do better  by using  sessionStorage and localStorage(two different storage in HTML5) in place of cookies. It is not a permanent database, but enables you to store structured data, temporarily.

10. Geolocation support

With help of Geolocation any one can find out where you are in the world and sharing that information with people. There is different ways to figure out where you are — your IP address, your wireless network connection, which cell tower your phone is talking to, or dedicated GPS hardware that calculates latitude and longitude from information sent by satellites in the sky. But The new HTML5 geolocation APIs make location, whether generated via GPS or other methods, directly available to any HTML5-compatible browser-based application.

This is only the overview of the HTML5 advantages, actually there is lots more to know about HTML5. In the near future HTML5 will become a online development language. It is assumed that it will not completely finished before 2022.So just keep it in your mind and start using HTML5 in your designs right now!

Javascripts vs Jquery

Java is a computer programming which is difficult to learn by starter webmasters, but javascripts or jquery are easily to understand and embed to any web page by copy and paste from one page to another or call once on main page.

JavaScript is a scripting language. JQuery is a library built in the JavaScript language that enabled users to write some JavaScript code faster. JavaScript is a programming language. jQuery is a library written in JavaScript.

Introduction to Web

Introduction:

Website is a tool of internet marketing, where users can transmit their data globaly. Because we live in a modern world, where billions of computers are connected through different mediums.

Advantages of Website:

• The information is available to be accessed by anyone, anywhere, anytime.
• The information within a site can be quickly accessed.  There is no need to sift through several pages.
• The site may provide links to other sites on the same topic
• The site can be updated to always provide the latest information.
• The site creator/author doesn’t need to be present when someone is retrieving information.
• The author can usually be contacted through an emailing address or a message board connected to the site.
• There is no need to carry a hard copy of information with you. (No heavy book)
• You can look at more than one page or source at the one time by having numerous windows.
• Information is easy to gather and print selectively.
• Easy to use the information to create your own resource.
• You can peruse the information at leisure taking as much time as needed.
• Saves a trip to the library.

Components of Website:

A website can be divided into pieces a lot of different ways. You can divide up the process of development into stages, or you can look at the individual parts. But a website is not like a airplane. The pieces don’t screw together or came apart in the same way. What makes a website work is the interaction between components that are separated in space and, possibly, time. Some of the pieces are more theoretical, such as the mockup and the navigation structure.

Essential Components:

• Front End Elements
• The navigation structure
• The page mockup or layout
• logo
• Images
• Content
• Graphics Design

Other/ Optional  Components:

• Hosting
• Domain name

Web Structure:
There are 3 essential blocks or parts of a website. Either site is static or dynamic.

• Header
• Body
• Footer

Web Hosting:

Webhosting is a service provide by web host companies, where users can save their files or data remotely. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server owned or leased for use by clients.

Domain Name:

Domain name is a internet address of a website, In general, a domain name represents an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, a server computer hosting a web site, or the web site itself or any other service communicated via the Internet. There are two types of domain services provided by domain registrar.

• TLD (Top Level Domains)
• Free Domains (Sub Domains) 

TLD:

This domains are premium, means user can purchase from domain registrar according to their needs such as country wise or profession wise for a specific period of time. 

Example: www.yourname.com or www.yourname.net.

Country Codes & Top Level Domains

• AD = Andorra
• AE = United Arab Emirates
• AF = Afghanistan
• AG = Antigua and Barbuda
• AI = Anguilla
• AL = Albania
• AM = Armenia
• AN = Netherlands Antilles
• AO = Angola
• AQ = Antarctica
• AR = Argentina
• AS = American Samoa
• AT = Austria
• AU = Australia
• AW = Aruba
• AZ = Azerbaijan
• BA = Bosnia and Herzegovina
• BB = Barbados
• BD = Bangladesh
• BE = Belgium
• BF = Burkina Faso
• BG = Bulgaria
• BH = Bahrain
• BI = Burundi
• BJ = Benin
• BM = Bermuda
• BN = Brunei Darussalam
• BO = Bolivia
• BR = Brazil
• BS = Bahamas
• BT = Bhutan
• BV = Bouvet Island
• BW = Botswana
• BY = Belarus
• BZ = Belize
• CA = Canada
• CC = Cocos (Keeling) Islands
• CF = Central African Republic
• CG = Congo
• CH = Switzerland
• CI = Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
• CK = Cook Islands
• CL = Chile
• CM = Cameroon
• CN = China
• CO = Colombia
• CR = Costa Rica
• CS = Czechoslovakia (former)
• CU = Cuba
• CV = Cape Verde
• CX = Christmas Island
• CY = Cyprus
• CZ = Czech Republic
• DE = Germany
• DJ = Djibouti
• DK = Denmark
• DM = Dominica
• DO = Dominican Republic
• DZ = Algeria
• EC = Ecuador
• EE = Estonia
• EG = Egypt
• EH = Western Sahara
• ER = Eritrea
• ES = Spain
• ET = Ethiopia
• FI = Finland
• FJ = Fiji
• FK = Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
• FM = Micronesia
• FO = Faroe Islands
• FR = France
• FX = France, Metropolitan
• GA = Gabon
• GB = Great Britain (UK)
• GD = Grenada
• GE = Georgia
• GF = French Guiana
• GH = Ghana
• GI = Gibraltar
• GL = Greenland
• GM = Gambia
• GN = Guinea
• GP = Guadeloupe
• GQ = Equatorial Guinea
• GR = Greece
• GS = S. Georgia and S. Sandwich Isls.
• GT = Guatemala
• GU = Guam
• GW = Guinea-Bissau
• GY = Guyana
• HK = Hong Kong
• HM = Heard and McDonald Islands
• HN = Honduras
• HR = Croatia (Hrvatska)
• HT = Haiti
• HU = Hungary
• ID = Indonesia
• IE = Ireland
• IL = Israel
• IN = India
• IO = British Indian Ocean Territory
• IQ = Iraq
• IR = Iran
• IS = Iceland
• IT = Italy
• JM = Jamaica
• JO = Jordan
• JP = Japan
• KE = Kenya
• KG = Kyrgyzstan
• KH = Cambodia
• KI = Kiribati
• KM = Comoros
• KN = Saint Kitts and Nevis
• KP = Korea (North)
• KR = Korea (South)
• KW = Kuwait
• KY = Cayman Islands
• KZ = Kazakhstan
• LA = Laos
• LB = Lebanon
• LC = Saint Lucia
• LI = Liechtenstein
• LK = Sri Lanka
• LR = Liberia
• LS = Lesotho
• LT = Lithuania
• LU = Luxembourg
• LV = Latvia
• LY = Libya
• MA = Morocco
• MC = Monaco
• MD = Moldova
• MG = Madagascar
• MH = Marshall Islands
• MK = Macedonia
• ML = Mali
• MM = Myanmar
• MN = Mongolia
• MO = Macau
• MP = Northern Mariana Islands
• MQ = Martinique
• MR = Mauritania
• MS = Montserrat
• MT = Malta
• MU = Mauritius
• MV = Maldives
• MW = Malawi
• MX = Mexico
• MY = Malaysia
• MZ = Mozambique
• NA = Namibia
• NC = New Caledonia
• NE = Niger
• NF = Norfolk Island
• NG = Nigeria
• NI = Nicaragua
• NL = Netherlands
• NO = Norway
• NP = Nepal
• NR = Nauru
• NT = Neutral Zone
• NU = Niue
• NZ = New Zealand (Aotearoa)
• OM = Oman
• PA = Panama
• PE = Peru
• PF = French Polynesia
• PG = Papua New Guinea
• PH = Philippines
• PK = Pakistan
• PL = Poland
• PM = St. Pierre and Miquelon
• PN = Pitcairn
• PR = Puerto Rico
• PT = Portugal
• PW = Palau
• PY = Paraguay
• QA = Qatar
• RE = Reunion
• RO = Romania
• RU = Russia
• RW = Rwanda
• SA = Saudi Arabia
• Sb = Solomon Islands
• SC = Seychelles
• SD = Sudan
• SE = Sweden
• SG = Singapore
• SH = St. Helena
• SI = Slovenia
• SJ = Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
• SK = Slovak Republic
• SL = Sierra Leone
• SM = San Marino
• SN = Senegal
• SO = Somalia
• SR = Suriname
• ST = Sao Tome and Principe
• SU = USSR (former)
• SV = El Salvador
• SY = Syria
• SZ = Swaziland
• TC = Turks and Caicos Islands
• TD = Chad
• TF = French Southern Territories
• TG = Togo
• TH = Thailand
• TJ = Tajikistan
• TK = Tokelau
• TM = Turkmenistan
• TN = Tunisia
• TO = Tonga
• TP = East Timor
• TR = Turkey
• TT = Trinidad and Tobago
• TV = Tuvalu
• TW = Taiwan
• TZ = Tanzania
• UA = Ukraine
• UG = Uganda
• UK = United Kingdom
• UM = US Minor Outlying Islands
• US = United States
• UY = Uruguay
• UZ = Uzbekistan
• VA = Vatican City State (Holy See)
• VC = Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• VE = Venezuela
• VG = Virgin Islands (British)
• VI = Virgin Islands (U.S.)
• VN = Viet Nam
• VU = Vanuatu
• WF = Wallis and Futuna Islands
• WS = Samoa
• YE = Yemen
• YT = Mayotte
• YU = Yugoslavia
• ZA = South Africa
• ZM = Zambia
• ZR = Zaire
• ZW = Zimbabwe
• COM = US Commercial
• EDU = US Educational
• GOV = US Government
• INT = International
• MIL = US Military
• NET = Network
• ORG = Non-Profit Organization
• ARPA = Arpanet
• NATO = Nato field

Free Domain (Sub Domains):
This type of domains are free of cost offered by web hosts for a specific time period or some restriction policies applied on it such as advertisments or chain referral system. Most probably, this domain names are sub domains.
Example: www.yourname.yahoo.com, www.yahoo.com/yourname